{"id":10932,"date":"2023-10-18T19:49:27","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T11:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/si.secda.info\/read_and_write\/?p=10932"},"modified":"2023-10-18T19:56:08","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T11:56:08","slug":"%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%a4%87%e9%9b%9c%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95-%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/si.secda.info\/read_and_write\/?p=10932","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u89e3\u8907\u96dc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<h1 id=\"a30c\" class=\"pw-post-title et eu ev be ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr bj\" data-testid=\"storyTitle\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u7406\u89e3\u8907\u96dc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"e10a\" class=\"pw-subtitle-paragraph fs eu ev be b ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh cp gi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u95dc\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003<\/h2>\n<div class=\"eo ep eq er es\">\n<div class=\"ab ca\">\n<div class=\"ch bg dx dy dz ea\">\n<p id=\"e74c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"mk\">\u672c\u6587\u6388\u6b0a\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea\u8702\u7aa9\u5152\u7ae5\u5927\u5b78<\/em><\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm mn\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 750w, 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640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*e_ylG-mh4vjX-bBUylU3zQ.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<blockquote class=\"na nb nc\">\n<p id=\"7973\" class=\"lo lp mk lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw nd ly lz ma ne mc md me nf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u539f\u6587\uff1aThe Divisiveness of Design Thinking<\/p>\n<p id=\"94ff\" class=\"lo lp mk lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw nd ly lz ma ne mc md me nf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJon Kolko, Modernist Studio\uff0c\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff1a\u674e\u8c50<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ab ca ng nh ni nj\" role=\"separator\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"eo ep eq er es\">\n<div class=\"ab ca\">\n<div class=\"ch bg dx dy dz ea\">\n<p id=\"e0cb\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"lq ew\">\u5c0e\u8b80<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"9e52\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\uff1a\u5f37\u8abf\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6a6b\u7e31\u5411\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e2c\u8a66\u8207\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8702\u7aa9\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u8853\u6846\u67b6\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u4e2d\u570b\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u517c\u9867\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u548c\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"f0e5\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx no lz ma mb np md me mf nq mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/li>\n<li id=\"434d\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft nu ls lt fw nv lv lw lx nw lz ma mb nx md me mf ny mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/li>\n<li id=\"19bb\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft nu ls lt fw nv lv lw lx nw lz ma mb nx md me mf ny mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aa4\u8b80\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ab ca ng nh ni nj\" role=\"separator\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"eo ep eq er es\">\n<div class=\"ab ca\">\n<div class=\"ch bg dx dy dz ea\">\n<h2 id=\"73fd\" class=\"nz oa ev be ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj lx ok ol om mb on oo op mf oq or os ot bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u6b63\u6587<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"210f\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u300c\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u75c5\u6bd2\u300d \uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u65af\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff08Stevens Institute of Technology\uff09\u7684\u674e \u00b7 \u6587\u585e\u723e\uff08 Lee Vinsel \uff09\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u7bc7\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u9053\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u5305\u62ec\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5a1c\u5854\u838e \u00b7 \u73cd\uff08Natasha Jen\uff09 \u7684\u300c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5c31\u662f\u626f\u6de1\u300d \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u57282011\u5e74 \u5e03\u9b6f\u65af \u00b7 \u52aa\u65af\u9b91\u59c6\uff08Bruce Nussbaum\uff09 \u7684\u300c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5931\u6557\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"b468\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u8aee\u8a62\u516c\u53f8 IDEO \u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u57f7\u884c\u5b98\u8482\u59c6 \u00b7 \u5e03\u6717\uff08Tim Brown\uff09\u5c07\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e5\u76ca\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u96c6\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u6280\u8853\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u696d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u70ba\u4e00\u9ad4\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u6905\u5b50\u3001\u6c7d\u8eca\u548c\u70e4\u9eb5\u5305\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5236\u5b9a\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u6230\u7565\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"074a\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u932f\u554a\uff01\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u75c5\u6bd2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u626f\u6de1\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5931\u6557\u7684\u8a66\u9a57\u300d\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u63a2\u8a0e\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u8ad6\u8b49\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u900f\u904e\u56de\u9867\u6b77\u53f2\u4f86\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u6feb\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u4f86\u5c31\u7528\u7684\u819a\u6dfa\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm oz\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*QAyryj0bRN8HORWbAujRLA.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"942\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"pa pb pc ml mm pd pe be b bf z gi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">from:\u00a0<a class=\"af pf\" href=\"https:\/\/interactions.acm.org\/archive\/view\/may-june-2018\/the-divisiveness-of-design-thinking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow noreferrer\">https:\/\/interactions.acm.org\/archive\/view\/may-june-2018\/the-divisiveness-of-design-thinking<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ab ca ng nh ni nj\" role=\"separator\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"eo ep eq er es\">\n<div class=\"ab ca\">\n<div class=\"ch bg dx dy dz ea\">\n<h1 id=\"e442\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph pi fv of pj pk fy oj pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">01<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"5324\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u517c\u5bb9\u4e26\u84c4<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p id=\"dddd\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5230\u6216\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5275\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u5f62\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5750\u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u70e4\u9eb5\u5305\u6a5f\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u5ea7\u5efa\u7bc9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8b80\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u2026\u2026\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1104\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4f46\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e5f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u5177\u9ad4\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7522\u51fa\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\uff08workplace\uff09\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u9593\u4f48\u5c40\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\u3001\u54e1\u5de5\u982d\u929c\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u5c64\u7d1a\u548c\u85aa\u916c\u7d50\u69cb\u7b49 \u2014 \u2014 \u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u592e\u6b0a\u529b\u6838\u5fc3\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u9010\u7d1a\u5411\u4e0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u6574\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"7a65\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a2d\u8a08\u6c7a\u7b56\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u6703\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u7684\u898f\u5247\u5236\u5ea6\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"25b5\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1a\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6709\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7814\u767c\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u9580\u3002\u5728\u300c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u300d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u898f\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8001\u95c6\uff08\u7d55\u5c0d\u6838\u5fc3\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0b\u9054\u5230\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u300c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u54e1\u8a2d\u8a08\u81ea\u5df1\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u898f\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u518d\u4ea4\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u8001\u95c6\u9032\u884c\u5be9\u6838\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"b6fa\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1 \u76ae\u52d2 \u00b7 \u57c3\u6069\uff08Pelle Ehn\uff09\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u548c\u7528\u6236\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u88ab\u7e2e\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"7b70\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4ed6\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5317\u6b50\uff08Scandinavia\uff09\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5317\u6b50\u570b\u50a2\u5177\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u793e\u6703\u53c3\u8207\uff08social engagement\uff09\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u751f\u7522\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u57c3\u6069\u7a31\u70ba<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u5be6\u8e10<\/strong>\u548c<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u89e3\u653e\u6027\u5be6\u8e10<\/strong>\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u5c07\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u904e\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5165\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u6307\u5c07\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u5f9e\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\uff08normative power\uff09\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"00c0\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5be6\u8e10\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u300c\u5c07\u6574\u500b\u751f\u7522\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u90fd\u7d0d\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u900f\u904e\u9f13\u52f5\u548c\u5f15\u5c0e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52d5\u54e1\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8655\u7406\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"26f4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u8abf\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u6163\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"qd\">\n<p id=\"c6f6\" class=\"qe qf ev be qg qh qi qj qk ql qm mj gi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u53c3\u8207\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u69cb\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c92\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u904e\u8a2d\u8a08\u57f9\u8a13\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"0baa\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft qn ls lt fw qo lv lw lx qp lz ma mb qq md me mf qr mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u9700\u8981\u8b19\u905c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u5207\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u5c0e\u8005\u6216\u4fc3\u9032\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u500b<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u5e6b\u52a9\u6240\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5275\u9020\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b<\/strong>\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"c4b6\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u9700\u8981\u8207\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u96a8\u610f\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5c31\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u3001\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u8aa0\u5730\u5411\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c55\u793a\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff08vulnerability\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u9700\u8981\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u5e7e\u5e74\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"ac2f\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u53c3\u8207\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u67f1\u30fc\u30fc\u8207\u7528\u6236\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6210\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm qs\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 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srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*hToHNx7Kc6AavCnCn3TA1A.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h1 id=\"cf11\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">02<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"096d\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u63a2\u7d22\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p id=\"8aa9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">20\u4e16\u7d0050\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6c52\" class=\"nz oa ev be ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj lx ok ol om mb on oo op mf oq or os ot bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\uff08bounded rationality\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"8350\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\uff08problem solving\uff09\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8d6b\u4f2f \u00b7 \u897f\u8499\uff08Herb Simon\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong>\u3002\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u77ad\u89e3\u8a72\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6f5b\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8a66\u5716\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5224\u65b7\u5c07\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f9e\u6b21\u512a\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08suboptimal\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u6700\u512a\u72c0\u6cc1\uff08optimal\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"055a\" class=\"nz oa ev be ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj lx ok ol om mb on oo op mf oq or os ot bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08brainstorming\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"d129\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8207\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u76f8\u5c0d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u5275\u610f\u9818\u57df\u5927\u884c\u5176\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"4808\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4e00\u4f4d\u5ee3\u544a\u5f9e\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u4e9e\u6b77\u514b\u65af \u00b7 \u5967\u65af\u672c\uff08Alex Osborn\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u73fe\u5728\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\u7684<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u9019\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u56db\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u760b\u72c2\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u6578\u91cf\u591a\u65bc\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u4ea4\u63db\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5967\u65af\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7d50\u5408\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u9f13\u52f5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"4ff4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef \u00b7 \u5fb7 \u00b7 \u535a\u8afe\uff08Edward de Bono\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u4ed6\u628a<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u7e31\u5411\u601d\u7dad<\/strong>\uff08vertical thinking\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5c0a\u656c\u908f\u8f2f\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5f9e\u5176\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u4e4b\u596e\u9b25\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u76ee\u6a19\u2026 \u2026 \u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u80fd\u50cf\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1ac1\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5fb7 \u00b7 \u535a\u8afe\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u9ad8\u6982\u7387\u3001\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u7576\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08high probability, straight-ahead thinking\uff09\u300d\u3002\u9ad8\u6982\u7387\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u767e\u767c\u767e\u4e2d\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e5f\u6703\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"43c9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u7e31\u5411\u601d\u7dad\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u662f<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u6a6b\u5411\u601d\u7dad<\/strong>\uff08lateral thinking\uff09\u3002\u6a6b\u5411\u601d\u7dad\u6703\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u760b\u72c2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u4e00\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5916\u754c\u523a\u6fc0\u89f8\u767c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u8a5e\u6216\u8005\u8996\u89ba\u523a\u6fc0\uff1b\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u50c5\u50c5\u53c8\u4e00\u7a2e\u96a8\u610f\u7684\u9811\u76ae\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u89f8\u767c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9811\u76ae\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u300c\u597d\u73a9\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9054\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"c712\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6a6b\u5411\u601d\u8003\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u88ab\u5fb7 \u00b7 \u535a\u8afe\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u90a3\u7a2e\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u300c\u6a6b\u5411\u601d\u8003\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u662f\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6df7\u4e82\u662f\u5728\u300c\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u4e2d\u53bb\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"f0c4\" class=\"nz oa ev be ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj lx ok ol om mb on oo op mf oq or os ot bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u8fed\u4ee3\u554f\u984c\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"0253\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5510\u7d0d\u5fb7\uff0e\u6368\u6069\uff08Donald Sch\u00f6n\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8457\u524d\u9032\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u5708\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6771\u897f\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5982\u4f55\u9078\u64c7\u8981\u5148\u5f9e\u54ea\u500b\u9650\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\u89e3\u6c7a\u8d77\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u9650\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u81ea\u5df1\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u672c\u4eba<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"5d35\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u8aaa\u5230\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6b65\u9a5f\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u53c3\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u672c\u8eab<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"3fd8\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u63a2\u7d22\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u3001\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\u3001\u6a6b\u5411\u601d\u7dad\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u554f\u984c\u6846\u67b6\u2026\u2026\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u601d\u8003\u900f\u904e\u69cb\u60f3\uff08conceive\uff09\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"4a7b\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u4e9b\u69cb\u60f3\u7684\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u69cb\u60f3\u5728\u8d85\u5e02\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u67d0\u7a2e\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u9032\u8ca8\u91cf\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u69cb\u60f3\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8edf\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u754c\u9762\uff1b\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u578b\u57ce\u5e02\u69cb\u60f3\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8306\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u69cb\u60f3\u7684\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u5be6\u5728\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u4e59\u70ef\u5229\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4f46\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5728\u69cb\u60f3\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e26\u7d44\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u6027\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u8da3\u5473\u6027\u7684\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"abfe\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u554f\u984c\u63a2\u7d22\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u652f\u67f1\u3002\u5b83\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u3001\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u3001\u767c\u6563\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u81ea\u7531\u983b\u7e41\u8f49\u63db\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm qt\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*ik4UJ5eqqBVC9nqi8RqOHw.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h1 id=\"05dc\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">03<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"0122\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u8207\u8fed\u4ee3<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p id=\"6b73\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">20\u4e16\u7d0070\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u96fb\u8166\u662f\u70ba\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u53c8\u5927\u53c8\u7b28\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7de8\u5beb\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7de8\u7a0b\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u8271\u5de8\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6700\u521d\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u60f3\u8457\u70ba\u4e86\u8cfa\u9322\u800c\u53bb\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f37\u8abf\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"30a9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5728\u5546\u696d\u4e2d\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\u5dee\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6f38\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u3002\u9019\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff08human factor\uff09\u7684\u9818\u57df\u88ab\u4ecb\u7d39\u5230\u4e86\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8ecd\u968a\u88dd\u5099\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u8a08\u7b97\u9818\u57df\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u7de9\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"5c51\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u9818\u57df\u7684\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u53ca\u5176\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u64ca\u9375\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8a8d\u77e5\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6beb\u79d2\u7d1a\uff09\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f4e\u6548\u548c\u554f\u984c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"97a0\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6975\u9577\u7684\u9031\u671f\u548c\u5de8\u5927\u6295\u5165\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u5c0d\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5f15\u9032\u4e86\uff1a\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6703\u901a\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u771f\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u76e1\u5feb\u8b58\u5225\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f4e\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u554f\u984c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"eb72\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u975e\u5546\u696d\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6e2c\u8a66\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7528\u6236\u53cb\u597d\u6027\uff08user friendly\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5bb6\u7528\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"28bd\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7d0080\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u958b\u767c\u7528\u6236\u754c\u9762\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u8207\u6700\u7d42\u7528\u6236\u4e00\u8d77\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5c0d\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u69cb\u5efa\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u8edf\u4ef6\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u50cf\u662fHypercard\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u578b\u958b\u767c\u5de5\u5177\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u50c5\u5e6b\u52a9\u754c\u9762\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u9032\u884c\u539f\u578b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u5feb\u901f\u6e2c\u8a66\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"97e2\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6027\u5553\u793a\u662f\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u548c\u4eba\u66f4\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"f2b9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2014 \u2014 \u5148\u5728\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u4f4e\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u5c64\u7d1a\u4e0a\u88fd\u4f5c\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b93\u771f\u4eba\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u5f9e\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u5f8c\u9032\u884c\u8fed\u4ee3 \u2014 \u2014 \u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u4fdd\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8207\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u548c\u671f\u5f85\u80fd\u5920\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u8655\u5728\u5339\u914d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"0891\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u652f\u67f1\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8b93\u7522\u54c1\u5148\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5e95\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5230\u9054\u6e2c\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u8207\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u6e2c\u8a66\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ad\u89e3\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\u3001\u6709\u7528\u548c\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u539f\u578b\u4f86\u6e9d\u901a\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm mn\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*5_ivFRJq0eKIhmx1Z2y_jA.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h1 id=\"39d3\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">04<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"2d14\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p id=\"75ec\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5efa\u7acb\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u554f\u984c\u3001\u88fd\u4f5c\u539f\u578b\u4e26\u6e2c\u8a66\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u5c31\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb\u505a\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\uff08thoughtful\uff09 \u2014 \u2014 \u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8003\u9a57\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u8207\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u9084\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u6771\u897f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"fc1d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u89c0\u5ff5\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u30fc\u30fc\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff08cultural phenomenon\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"qd\">\n<p id=\"2712\" class=\"qe qf ev be qg qh qi qj qk ql qm mj gi\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9700\u8981\u512a\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5b83\u91cd\u8996\u512a\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u6027\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"485e\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft qn ls lt fw qo lv lw lx qp lz ma mb qq md me mf qr mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u653e\u5927\u93e1\uff0c\u5b83\u91cd\u8996\u6b77\u53f2<\/strong>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff09\u3001<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7269\u9ad4\u5728\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6211\u5011\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u502b\u7406\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u548c<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/strong>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u8655\u5883\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"fc53\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f<strong class=\"lq ew\">\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u5404\u7a2e\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5851\u9020\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"e955\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9ad4\u9a57\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5275\u9020\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e26\u6b23\u8cde\u6211\u5011\u5275\u9020\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f97\u4ee5\u638c\u63a7\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8349\u5716\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7d66\u751f\u6d3b\u5e36\u4f86\u5275\u65b0\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u6e67\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u767c\u660e\u60c5\u5883\u5316\uff08contextualize innovations that are emerging\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53c3\u8207\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"2375\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\uff08liberal arts\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5275\u9020\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u79d1\u5b78\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm qu\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*Dbc3kZp1AAMk4XrAv7Qeuw.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h1 id=\"ea2e\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">05<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"aeb9\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u95dc\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6279\u8a55<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p id=\"b3f6\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u6709\u5169\u689d\u5206\u53c9\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8b93\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6709\u4e9b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u900f\u904e\u88fd\u9020\u6771\u897f\uff08making things\uff09\u4f86\u5be6\u8e10\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u719f\u6089\u88fd\u9020\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u64c1\u6709\u719f\u7df4\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u5de5\u85dd\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u601d\u8003\u4e8b\u7269\uff08thinking about things\uff09\u4f86\u5be6\u8e10\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1222\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u6771\u897f\u300d\uff08things\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5f88\u5bec\u6cdb\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u70e4\u9eb5\u5305\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u50cf\u662f\u5546\u696d\u7b56\u7565\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u88fd\u9020\u6771\u897f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c0d\u7d30\u7bc0\u3001\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u7c21\u55ae\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u6c88\u6d78\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u7cbe\u96d5\u7d30\u7422\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u548c\u50c5\u50c5\u601d\u8003\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8ad4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u7a2e\u6df1\u5ea6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5f62\u5f0f\u6df1\u5ea6\uff08formal depth\uff09\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u6df1\u5ea6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff08idea\uff09\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff08shape\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08form\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c07\u7f8e\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8feb\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4f7f\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u597d\u597d\u63a2\u7d22\u904e\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u5317\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u81ea\u7531\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u7576\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4f55\u5fc5\u70ba\u96e3\u81ea\u5df1\u5462\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u95b1\u8b80\u767c\u8868\u5728\u6666\u6f80\u96e3\u61c2\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u7ae0\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u806f\u7e6b\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\u662f\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767b\u5728Buzzfeed\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u805a\u5408\u985e\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u7ad9\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u80fd\u53eb\u505a\uff1a\u300c\u95dc\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b \u2014 \u2014 \u9ede\u64ca\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u9a5a! \u300d\uff09<\/p>\n<p id=\"29a7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u7e6a\u5716\u3001\u5efa\u9020\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d66\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u4f55\u5fc5\u5728\u9019\u4e0a\u9762\u70ba\u96e3\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5f88\u64c5\u9577\u756b\u756b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u6211\u5c0d\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u548c\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u990a\u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u548c\u6279\u8a55\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"533c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u771f\u7684\u5982\u6b64\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n<p id=\"e789\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u90a3\u4e9b\u9f13\u821e\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u548c\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u6025\u65bc\u627e\u5230\u5275\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5275\u696d\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u9084\u6709TED\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8b93\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u4e0d\u6eff\u65bc\u50c5\u50c5\u57f9\u990a\u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u548c\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u60f3\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u8a08\u6771\u897f\u3002\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"dd8d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u300c\u90aa\u60e1\u300d\u7684\u9748\u4e39\u5999\u85e5\u3002\u5b83\u5c0d\u65bc\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"cf8d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u800c\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5317\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u8a2d\u8a08\u751f\u7522\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9577\u671f\u6c88\u6d78\u5728\u90a3\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u800c\u7522\u751f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5169\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u984c\u5c08\u5bb6\u300d\u8a2a\u8ac7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9084\u662f\u5728\u5927\u8ac7\u5c0d\u65bc\u5546\u696d\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7c97\u6dfa\u77ad\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"0685\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5967\u65af\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6703\u8b70\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"5e57\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u897f\u8499\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7406\u6027\u6709\u689d\u4e0d\u7d0a\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u53ea\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5c0d\u53cd\u61c9\u6027\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8426\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u8a2d\u8a08\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u5316\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u5de5\u85dd\u548c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5851\u9020\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u50c5\u50c5\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u901a\u904e\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u65b0\u7a4e\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"a3cc\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u7f8e\u89c0\u3001\u5be6\u7528\u3001\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7684\u300c\u767d\u677f\u300d\uff08canvases\uff09\u3001\u300c\u56de\u653e\u300d\uff08playbacks\uff09\u548c\u300c\u8a2d\u8a08\u885d\u523a\u300d\uff08design sprints\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u8cbc\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"2736\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u518d\u56de\u5230\u6587\u7ae0\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"ee70\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5728\u6587\u585e\u723e\u53cd\u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u7dad\u5f0a\u75c5\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8f88\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u300c\u7d66\u5b78\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u7a4d\u6975\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u64c1\u7c07\u8005\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u300e\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u91cf\u300f\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u683c\u8a00\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u7d66\u4e88\u5b78\u751f\u7121\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u5b78\u751f\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u5275\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u300e\u5275\u9020\u6027\u81ea\u4fe1\u300f\u300d\u3002\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u904b\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u3002\u800c\u53ea\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u9020\u6771\u897f\u7684\u5de5\u85dd\u6027\u6280\u80fd\uff08craft skills\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"0a81\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6587\u585e\u723e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u89ba\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u7684\u69cb\u601d\u968e\u6bb5\uff08ideation\uff09\u6240\u9f13\u52f5\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u601d\u8003\uff08positive thinking\uff09\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u72a7\u7272\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u4e0a\u7684\u30fc\u30fc\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\uff08fun\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56b4\u8085\u7684\uff08serious\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"b398\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u5967\u65af\u672c\u7684\u982d\u8166\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5fb7 \u00b7 \u535a\u8afe\u7684\u6a6b\u5411\u601d\u7dad\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u56b4\u8085\u6027\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u6368\u6069\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u578b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u6703\u4e0d\u9593\u65b7\u5730\u3001\u9023\u7e8c\u5e7e\u5c0f\u6642\u5730\u56b4\u683c\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u57c3\u6069\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u767b\u4e0a\u300a\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"d24b\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6587\u585e\u723e\u5c07\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u8207\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u793e\u6703\u5275\u65b0\u610f\u5473\u8457\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u80af\u5b9a\u4e5f\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5275\u65b0\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u5b83\u50c5\u50c5\u548c\u5546\u696d\u5316\u6709\u95dc\u300d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u53ea\u662f\u8aee\u8a62\u9867\u554f\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u63a8\u92b7\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7522\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"ml mm qv\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1164\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 1164w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1164\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif 1164w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 582px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:873\/1*5vbK_CdSozTCiuloTvtI6A.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"582\" height=\"600\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"f2b7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5a1c\u5854\u838e \u00b7 \u73cd\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u300c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5c31\u662f\u626f\u6de1\u300d\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u8aee\u8a62\u516c\u53f8 Pentagram \u7684\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff0c\u73cd\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u7dad\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u30fc\u30fc\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5c07\u7d30\u7dfb\u5165\u5fae\u3001\u7d93\u904e\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u3001\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u96dc\u4e82\u7121\u7ae0\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u786c\u585e\u9032\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4eba\u9020\u7684\u3001\u904e\u65bc\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u3001\u67af\u71e5\u7121\u5473\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"3adf\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u524d\u300a\u5546\u696d\u9031\u520a\u300b\u7de8\u8f2f\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af \u00b7 \u52aa\u65af\u9b91\u59c6\uff08Bruce Nussbaum\uff09\u5c0d\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u8d0a\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u5275\u9020\u529b\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u7a0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u80fd\u5920\u64f4\u5927\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u5ea6\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u548c\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u6b0a\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p id=\"7fcd\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6211\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u516c\u958b\u61f7\u7591\u904e\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"a8b0\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">2011\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u5510 \u00b7 \u8afe\u66fc\uff08Don Norman\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8ac7\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u628a\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u53eb\u505a\u7368\u89d2\u7378\uff0c\u4e26\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u6211\u600e\u6a23\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u600e\u6a23\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5f9e\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u601d\u8003\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u5b78\u6821\u7372\u5f97\u4e86 MBA \u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9078\u4fee\u4e00\u9580\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u300d\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4f60\u6703\u5b78\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f60\u6703\u5b78\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u56db\u5929\u7684\u6642\u9593\u91cc\u4f60\u5c31\u5b78\u6703\u540c\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7562\u696d\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u88ab\u8a8d\u8b49\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u4e86\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n<p id=\"4703\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u57282016\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5275\u9020\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u300c\u601d\u8003\u300d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u4f60\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u767c\u6563\u6027\u3001\u5275\u9020\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\uff09\u50b3\u6388\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5275\u9020\u6771\u897f\u9700\u8981\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u80fd\u5920\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8a13\u7df4\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p id=\"65f9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e7e\u500b\u4eba\u7368\u6709\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u6574\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"\">\n<li id=\"f1d0\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx no lz ma mb np md me mf nq mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u8986\u7684\u3001\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u96dc\u4e82\u7121\u7ae0\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u5b83\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5927\u773e\u7406\u89e3\u800c\u904e\u5206\u7c21\u5316\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li id=\"e2a6\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft nu ls lt fw nv lv lw lx nw lz ma mb nx md me mf ny mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u6771\u897f\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/li>\n<li id=\"cc25\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft nu ls lt fw nv lv lw lx nw lz ma mb nx md me mf ny mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5c07\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u5efa\u7acb\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8f15\u800c\u6613\u8209\u7684\u4e8b\uff08empathy lite\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u548c\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u5e7e\u5929\u5167\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/li>\n<li id=\"e1a0\" class=\"lo lp ev lq b ft nu ls lt fw nv lv lw lx nw lz ma mb nx md me mf ny mh mi mj nr ns nt bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u8aee\u8a62\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u92b7\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u52d5\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"623d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c31\u6211\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u64c1\u7c07\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5de5\u85dd\u6027\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u667a\u8b58\u6027\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mo mp mq mr ms mt ml mm paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"mu mv hb mw bg mx\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"ml mm qu\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg my mz c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1050\/1*Rwnn0M-zltAS9zyLub5p4g.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h1 id=\"dc47\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">06<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 id=\"1f89\" class=\"pg oa ev be ob ph py fv of pj pz fy oj pl qa pn po pp qb pr ps pt qc pv pw px bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"al\">\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u50f9\u503c<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p id=\"4b95\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft ou ls lt fw ov lv lw lx ow lz ma mb ox md me mf oy mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"7b3e\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u88ab\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u800c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e9b\u64c1\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u4eba\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"ae66\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u62b1\u6028\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u5728\u610f\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u600e\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u826f\u5fc3\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5e6b\u52a9\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e58\u8457\u5b83\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u9032\u884c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"8b31\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lo lp ev lq b ft lr ls lt fw lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj eo bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u7d66\u300a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u696d\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5011\u4eab\u53d7\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u65b0\u7684\u6230\u7565\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5beb\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6279\u8a55\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u958b\u5fc3\u770b\u5230\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u8a8d\u53ef\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u8a8d\u53ef\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e5f\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u300c\u516d\u500b\u897f\u683c\u746a\uff08Six Sigma\uff09\u300d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\u9084\u662f\u300c\u5f9e\u654f\u6377\u5230\u7cbe\u76ca\uff08Agile to 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