{"id":8023,"date":"2022-02-23T13:18:58","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T05:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/si.secda.info\/modern_literature\/?p=8023"},"modified":"2022-02-23T15:06:29","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T07:06:29","slug":"8023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/si.secda.info\/modern_literature\/?p=8023","title":{"rendered":"\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u8207\u300a\u53e4\u90fd\u300b\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u300c\u7a7a\u7121\u300d\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u7956\u5148\u662f\u942e\u5009\u5e55\u5e9c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u540d\u9580\u8cb4\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e2d\u4e16\u4ee3\u7688\u4f9d\u4f5b\u9580\u800c\u6de1\u51fa\u5bae\u5ead\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5230\u5ddd\u7aef\u7956\u7236\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u5bb6\u9053\u5df2\u7d93\u4e2d\u843d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) 2\u6b72\u55aa\u7236\uff0c3\u6b72\u55aa\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5b64\u5152\u4f9d\u9760\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u70ba\u751f\uff0c\u4f467 \u6b72\u90a3\u5e74\u6148\u611b\u7684\u7956\u6bcd\u4e5f\u64a4\u624b\u4eba\u5bf0\uff0c10\u6b72\u90a3\u5e74\u518d\u5ea6\u5931\u53bb\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u59ca\u59ca\u3002\u7956\u6bcd\u904e\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5bc2\u5bde\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u8207\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5168\u76f2\u7684\u7956\u7236\u5ea6\u904e\u4e86\u516b\u5e7415\u6b72\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f9d\u70ba\u547d\uff08\u5ddd\u7aef\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5c0f\u8aac\u300a\u5341\u516d\u6b72\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff09\u3001\u6df1\u60c5\u646f\u611b\u7684\u76f2\u773c\u7956\u7236\u4e5f\u96e2\u958b\u4eba\u4e16\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e09) \u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u521d\u4e2d\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7956\u7236\u4e09\u516b\u90ce\u75c5\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7368\u5b88\u75c5\u69bb\uff0c\u591c\u591c\u8aa6\u8b80\u300a\u6e90\u6c0f\u7269\u8a9e\u300b\u611f\u6642\u50b7\u60c5\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u54c0\u621a\u7684\u8a5e\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u9a45\u9063\u6182\u60b6\uff0c\u4e26\u6c89\u6eba\u65bc\u50b7\u61f7\u4e2d\u3002\u67d0\u5929\uff0c\u5fc3\u8840\u4f86\u6f6e\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u628a\u7956\u7236\u5927\u6f38\u5f4c\u7559\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u7d00\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u5beb\u6210\u3008\u5341\u516d\u6b72\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u3009\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5ddd\u7aef\u958b\u555f\u6587\u5b78\u9577\u6cb3\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u56db) 15\u6b72\u524d\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89aa\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u50cf\u662f\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u66e0\u7121\u8072\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u7a7a\u7121\u300d\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u596e\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u4e0a\u95d6\u51fa\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7121\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u586b\u88dc\u3001\u7e2b\u5408\u3001\u8d16\u56de\u7ae5\u5e74\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u7121\u89aa\u7121\u611b\u300d\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
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\u6bcf\u7576\u66ae\u8272\u84bc\u832b\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74\u5ddd\u7aef\u5c31\u5728\u842c\u7c5f\u4ff1\u5bc2\u4e2d\u8207\u7956\u7236\u9694\u7740\u6cb9\u71c8\u5c0d\u5750\u3002\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u83dc\u7c7d\u6cb9\u71c8\u6296\u52d5\u7740\u5fae\u5149\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u7956\u7236\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u660e\u6697\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5ddd\u7aef\u5145\u76c8\u8d77\u5b71\u5f31\u8eab\u8ec0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53bb\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u53bb\u89f8\u78b0\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u8272\u5f69\u3001\u5149\u7dda\u548c\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u654f\u611f\u3001\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u5982\u8c46\u7684\u71c8\u82af\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u591c\u5e55\u7684\u6df1\u6c89\u800c\u6108\u767c\u660e\u4eae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5348\u591c\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5b88\u5019\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6f38\u6f38\u892a\u53bb\u7684\u7956\u7236\u7240\u524d\uff0c\u62d6\u7740\u774f\u5026\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d66\u7956\u7236\u63a5\u5c3f\uff0c\u7956\u7236\u56e0\u6392\u5c3f\u56f0\u96e3\u800c\u767c\u51fa\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u558a\u53eb\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u807d\u5230\u5c3f\u58fa\u5e95\u97ff\u8d77\u4e86\u300c\u5c71\u8c37\u6e05\u6cc9\u7684\u6d41\u6dcc\u8072\u300d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u56db\u6b72\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u60bd\u82e6\u7121\u52a9\u4e2d\u5beb\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u6697\u793a\u51fa\u65e5\u5f8c\u5ddd\u7aef\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5c0f\u8aac\u300a\u5341\u516d\u6b72\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ddd\u7aef\u572815\u6b72\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89aa\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u50cf\u662f\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u66e0\u7121\u8072\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u7a7a\u7121\u300d\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u596e\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u4e0a\u95d6\u51fa\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7121\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u586b\u88dc\u3001\u7e2b\u5408\u3001\u8d16\u56de\u7ae5\u5e74\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u7121\u89aa\u7121\u611b\u300d\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u4f46\u5ddd\u7aef\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u73fe\u4e16\u7684\u6b98\u7f3a\u5df2\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u73fe\u4e16\u5c0b\u6c42\u5f4c\u88dc\u548c\u91cd\u5713\u3002\u5c0d\u5ddd\u7aef\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u61f5\u61c2\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u63d0\u524d\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e86\u4ed6\u6210\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u9748\u9b42\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u5e74\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u596e\u9b25\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u559a\u4e0d\u56de\u90a3\u4e0d\u66fe\u9577\u5927\u7684\u7ae5\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a3b\u5b9a\u7834\u788e\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u904e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u7368\u884c\u5728\u6f2b\u5929\u96ea\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u96ea\u9db4\u2014\u2014\u7121\u4eba\u80fd\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u5ddd\u7aef\uff1a\u300c\u7562\u7adf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u51e1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5b64\u5cf0\u300d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210(1899\u25001972)\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u7368\u884c\u5728\u6f2b\u5929\u96ea\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u91ce\u9db4\u2500\u96ea\u9db4\uff0c\u6e05\u7626\u3001\u5b64\u9ad8\u3001\u6f54\u767d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6dd2\u7f8e\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u7e41\u82b1\u7d1b\u843d\u7684\u6b98\u6afb\uff0c\u50cf\u925b\u83ef\u76e1\u843d\u7684\u665a\u971e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u77ad\u89e3\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5ddd\u7aef\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u53e4\u751f\u4f86\u6b7b\u53bb\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u958b\u89e3\u548c\u91cb\u60d1\u7684\u865b\u7121\u4eba\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e09)\u3008\u5b64\u547d\u81ea\u5f71\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u60bc\u5ff5\u4ea1\u53cb\u6a6b\u5149\u5229\u4e00\uff0c\u5f15\u8ff0\u4e86\u6a6b\u5149\u4e00\u9996\u8a69\uff1a\u300c\u53f0\u4e0a\u5b64\u87fb\u9913\uff0c\u6df1\u7a7a\u51b7\u6708\u9ad8\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u5fc3\u5883\u81ea\u55bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u610f\u5883\u81ea\u6cc1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5f35\u7c21\u7b46\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6a6b\u5149\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9996\u6f22\u8a69\uff1a\u300c\u5bd2\u71c8\u4e0b\u786f\u67af\uff0c\u7368\u5f71\u5bc2\u6b32\u96ea\u300d\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u9078\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u4ef6\u907a\u7269\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d00\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u52dd\u611f\u6642\u50b7\u4e16\uff0c\u300c\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e2d\u9762\u5c0d\u5b83\u6211\u6df1\u611f\u5b64\u7368\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210(1899\u25001972)\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u7368\u884c\u5728\u6f2b\u5929\u96ea\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u91ce\u9db4\u2500\u96ea\u9db4\uff0c\u6e05\u7626\u3001\u5b64\u9ad8\u3001\u6f54\u767d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6dd2\u7f8e\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u7e41\u82b1\u7d1b\u843d\u7684\u6b98\u6afb\uff0c\u50cf\u925b\u83ef\u76e1\u843d\u7684\u665a\u971e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u77ad\u89e3\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5ddd\u7aef\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u53e4\u751f\u4f86\u6b7b\u53bb\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u958b\u89e3\u548c\u91cb\u60d1\u7684\u865b\u7121\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u5ddd\u7aef\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u5fc3\u8def\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u66f2\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u97f3\u7684\u7a7a\u8c37\u7d55\u5531\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u7fa4\u5c71\u5931\u53bb\u56de\u8072\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5b87\u5b99\u5931\u8e64\u800c\u5f9e\u6b64\u6c38\u6046\u975c\u9ed8\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u8072\u5636\u7684\u5436\u558a\u4e5f\u50b3\u4e0d\u5230\u9060\u5c71\u7684\u5ca9\u58c1\uff1f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u6771\u5c71\u9b41\u5937\uff1a\u5ddd\u7aef\u7684\u6b7b\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u300c\u5b89\u8a73\u7684\u61a9\u606f\u300d\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ddd\u7aef\uff1a\u300c\u7562\u7adf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u51e1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5b64\u5cf0\u300d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u203b\u5b64\u7368\u8207\u6b7b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u68ad\u7f85(Henry D. Thoreau)\uff1a\u300c\u5b64\u7368\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u7684\u9694\u7d55\u300d\u3002\u5ddd\u7aef\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u60f3\u8981\u91cd\u56de\u4ed6\u672a\u66fe\u4eab\u6709\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u7ae5\u5e74\u65e9\u5df2\u901d\u53bb\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u5fa9\u8fd4\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u64c1\u62b1\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u723e\u5f8c\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u300c\u81e8\u6b7b\u300d\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002\u5728\u719f\u8b80\u5ddd\u7aef\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u767c\u89ba\uff0c\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u7121\u53ef\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u6789\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u70ba\u7f8e\u800c\u6b7b\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u6b7b\u8996\u70ba\u7f8e\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9084\u53ef\u8f2a\u8ff4\u8f49\u4e16\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u56de\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u89aa\u4eba\uff0c\u91cd\u62fe\u4ed6\u90a3\u672a\u66fe\u7d93\u6b77\u6216\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u7ae5\u8c9e\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u5ddd\u7aef\u57281968\u5e74\u4ee5\u300a\u96ea\u570b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4f0a\u8c46\u821e\u5b43\u300b\u3001\u300a\u53e4\u90fd\u300b\u7b49\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u4efd\u734e\u72c0\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u5f70\u60a8\u4ee5\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u7528\u512a\u7f8e\u3001\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u4ee5\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u8207\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u7b46\u6cd5\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u502b\u7406\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\uff0c\u70ba\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u7cbe\u795e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6df1\u9060\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u300d\u65e5\u672c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8981\u518d\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u2500\u2500\u679c\u7136\u662f\u7b49\u52301994\u5e74\u5927\u6c5f\u5065\u4e09\u90ce\u624d\u53c8\u8f2a\u56de\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u5728\u5ba3\u4f48\u7372\u734e\u5f8c\u7684\u5169\u500b\u6708\u88e1\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e09) \u5ddd\u7aef\u7372\u734e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8cc0\u5ba2\u76c8\u5ead\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u5fd9\u65bc\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u4f46\u5ddd\u7aef\u537b\u6012\u543c\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u5ba2\u4eba\u800c\u6d3b\u7684\uff01\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\u5ddd\u7aef\u548c\u7576\u6642\u8a31\u591a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u64c1\u8b77\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u6230\u6557\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u5ddd\u7aef\u5fc3\u9748\u6d88\u6c89\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5dba\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u81ea\u89ba\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u65e5\u672c\u5df2\u6b7b\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4f55\u9700\u830d\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u7761\u7f8e\u4eba\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e00\u96bb\u80f3\u818a\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u8a8d\u8001\u919c\u548c\u5b64\u7368\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u4eba\u9593\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u4e00\u6b7b\u65b9\u80fd\u89e3\u812b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u738b\u570b\u7dad\u7684\u907a\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u4e94\u5341\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u53ea\u6b20\u4e00\u6b7b\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5b64\u5f71\u81ea\u547d\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5df2\u9810\u898b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1a\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9663\u96e8\u6dcb\u6fd5\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5c4d\u9aa8\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6545\u9109\u7684\u843d\u8449\u63a9\u57cb\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5728\u5606\u606f\u8457\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\u300d<\/u>\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u4e26\u4e0d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u6bba\u770b\u6210\u300c\u6b7b\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u751f\u65e2\u4e0d\u751f\uff0c\u6b7b\u4f55\u4ee5\u6b7b\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u838a\u5b50\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5927\u5fb9\u5927\u609f\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b7b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d85\u751f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5df2\u5916\u751f\u77e3\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u80fd\u671d\u5fb9\uff0c\u671d\u5fb9\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u80fd\u898b\u7368\uff1b\u898b\u7368\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u80fd\u7121\u53e4\u4eca\uff1b\u7121\u53e4\u4eca\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u80fd\u5165\u65bc\u4e0d\u751f\u4e0d\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(\u56db)\u300a\u53e4\u90fd\u300b\u662f\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u660e\u5feb\u7b46\u8abf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u665a\u671f\u7684\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u8005\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u5145\u6eff\u8457\u4ed6\u90a3\u7a2e\u7368\u6709\u7684\u7269\u54c0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u65e9\u8d77\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u591a\u4e86\u5e7e\u5206\u6b61\u5feb\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1961\u5e7410\u6708\u81f31962\u5e741\u6708\u9023\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u671d\u65e5\u65b0\u805e\u300b\uff0c\u70ba\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u69ae\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6587\u5b78\u734e\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001 \u4ee5\u6e05\u6de1\u3001\u7d30\u81a9\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\uff0c\u6558\u8ff0\u5343\u91cd\u5b50\u548c\u82d7\u5b50\u9019\u5c0d\u5b7f\u751f\u59d0\u59b9\u7684\u60b2\u6b61\u96e2\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4e16\u7684\u5bc2\u5be5\u4e4b\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001 \u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u8207\u54c0\u5606\uff0c\u90fd\u7d66\u4e88\u5979\u5011\uff0c\u5beb\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u7684\u8f9b\u9178\u8eab\u4e16\u548c\u7d14\u6f54\u611b\u60c5\uff0c\u9084\u5beb\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u56ae\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001 \u6545\u4e8b\u5728\u5bc2\u975c\u4e2d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u5bc2\u975c\u4e2d\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u628a\u8b80\u8005\u5e36\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6fc3\u91cd\u7684\u6dd2\u6dbc\u7684\u610f\u5883\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u865b\u7121\u3001\u53ad\u4e16\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001 \u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u591a\u8655\u7528\u4e86\u7701\u7565\u865f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u5b8c\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5169\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u61c9\u524d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u7528\u7701\u7565\u865f\u7559\u4e0b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u54ea\u7a2e\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u4e0a\u7559\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u7d66\u8b80\u8005\u9050\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u542b\u84c4\u5167\u6582\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

(\u4e94) \u300a\u53e4\u90fd\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d88\u9577\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u60f3\u4fdd\u7559\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e3b\u89d2\u5343\u91cd\u5b50\u300c\u559c\u6b61\u82f1\u8a9e\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u9032\u51fa\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b80\u8b80\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u65b0\u7d04\u548c\u820a\u7d04\u300d\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u53d7\u91cd\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7bc0\u65e5\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u6703\u64c7\u5176\u8981\u8005\u505a\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u63cf\u5beb\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6642\u4ee3\u7bc0\u3001\u4f10\u7af9\u6703\u3001\u7947\u5712\u7bc0\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u50b3\u7d71\u6176\u5178\u7684\u63cf\u5beb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u7d50\u5408\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u4eac\u90fd\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8857\u9053\u5e02\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u592a\u5409\u90ce\u5bb6\u6709\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u9580\u7684\u5e97\u8216\u3001\u548c\u670d\u5e97\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u897f\u9663\u5c0f\u8216\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u73fe\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u52e2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u4eac\u90fd\u57ce\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9ad8\u53f0\u5bfa\u4e00\u5e36\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u84cb\u8d77\u98ef\u5e97\u65c5\u9928\u5566\u2026\u2026\u5927\u962a\u3001\u4eac\u90fd\u4e4b\u9593\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u696d\u5340\uff0c\u897f\u4eac\u4e00\u5e36\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u9019\u5012\u9084\u597d\u3001\u4f46\u90a3\u9644\u8fd1\u9084\u6709\u7a7a\u5730\uff0c\u8ab0\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u4eca\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5728\u90a3\u9644\u8fd1\u84cb\u8d77\u602a\u88e1\u602a\u6c23\u7684\u6642\u65b0\u623f\u5b50\u5462\u2026\u2026\u3002\uff08\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u6587\u4e2d\u63a5\u8457\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c \u7236\u89aa\u81c9\u4e0a\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u5931\u671b\u7684\u795e\u8272\u3002\u300d\u592a\u5409\u90ce\u7684\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u9f8d\u6751\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u548c\u6d0b\u4eba\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u9593\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u50b3\u5165\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u96d5\u8457\u57fa\u7763\u50cf\u7684\u71c8\u7c60\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5ddd\u7aef\u4e4b\u6b7b\uff1a\u5f9e\u6b7b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\u624d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5168\u90e8\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u958b\u59cb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u6b7b\u65bc1972\u5e744\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u6709\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5f9e\u5404\u7a2e\u89d2\u5ea6\u63e3\u6e2c\u5ddd\u7aef\u7684\u6b7b\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u8aaa\u70ba\u4e09\u5cf6\u7531\u7d00\u592b\u5207\u8179\u800c\u6b7b\u4e0d\u52dd\u54c0\u60bc\uff0c\u6709\u8aaa\u56e0\u52a9\u9078\u5931\u5229\u800c\u6127\u5c0d\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u8aaa\u56e0\u4e45\u75c5\u4e0d\u7652(\u5ddd\u7aef\u60a3\u6709\u9577\u671f\u5931\u7720)\u800c\u8f15\u751f\u53ad\u4e16\u3002\u5ddd\u7aef50\u591a\u5e74\u8001\u53cb\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u4eca\u6771\u5149\uff0c\u5728\u5ddd\u7aef\u6b7b\u5f8c\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) \u6211\u96d6\u5177\u50e7\u4eba\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u6d85\u76e4\u4e4b\u985e\u3002\u6050\u6015\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8ab0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6d85\u76e4\u5427\u3002\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u7684\u6d85\u76e4\u4e00\u5b9a\u59cb\u65bc4\u670816\u65e5\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5f9e\u6d85\u76e4\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u624d\u80fd\u9818\u609f\u55ce\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e09) \u4ed6\u81ea\u6bba\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u907a\u66f8\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6587\u7a3f\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u90a3\u7bc7\u300c\u6b7b\u4e2d\u907a\u4f5c\u300d\u300a\u84b2\u516c\u82f1\u300b\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u6bba\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u53e3\u542b\u7164\u6c23\u7ba1\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5c31\u8fd1\u53d6\u6750\u3001\u96a8\u624b\u62ff\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u676f\u9084\u672a\u98f2\u4e7e\u7684\u9152\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u7d72\u7737\u5ff5\u548c\u727d\u639b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6399\u624e\u6216\u4e0d\u6368\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u6bba\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u5c0d\u5bb6\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u51fa\u9580\u6563\u6b65\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u6b7b\u524d\u90a3\u53e5\u300c\u51fa\u53bb\u6563\u6b65\u300d\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u8072\u555f\u7a0b\u5929\u570b\u7684\u62db\u547c\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7d55\u7f8e\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5c0d\u7a7a\u7121\u7684\u737b\u8eab\u3002\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u63db\u4f86\u4e00\u5834\u7121\u6028\u7684\u65b7\u6c23\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u8207\u5f92\u52de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u56db) \u81ea\u6bba\u800c\u7121\u907a\u66f8\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u904e\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u7121\u8a00\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u6839\u57fa\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7269\u54c0\u3001\u98a8\u96c5\u8207\u5e7d\u7384\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e00) \u7269\u54c0\u662f\u6307\u4f5c\u8005\u5167\u5fc3\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u666f\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u4ea4\u611f\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u85cf\u800c\u5167\u6582\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc\u800c\u591a\u60c5\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u60b2\u7f8e\u610f\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u7a2e\u60b2\u5929\u61ab\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u6211\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u611f\u6027\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5316\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u9ad4\u88c1\uff0c\u5f9e\u5f62\u4e0a\u610f\u7fa9\u8a00\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u547d\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u300a\u7f8e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u767c\u73fe\u300b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u98a8\u96c5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u6709\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u7f8e\u3002\u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u300d\u7684\u9019\u500b\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u300d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u795e\u7684\u8cde\u8cdc\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u4e09) \u5ddd\u7aef\u7684\u6c23\u8cea\u548c\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u5e7d\u7384\u7a7a\u5bc2\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\u89c0\u3002\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5ddd\u7aef\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u512a\u7f8e\u7684\u6190\u61ab\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u7384\u865b\u7684\uff0c\u5c11\u5973\u5011\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u7384\u865b\u4e2d\u57f9\u690d\u4e86\u54c0\u50b7\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u300d\uff08\u3008\u81f4\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u4fe1\u3009\uff09 \u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u7136\u800c\u865b\u5e7b\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6726\u6727\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u9918\u97fb\u7684\u7f8e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u6df1\u53d7\u65e5\u672c\u300c\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u7269\u8a9e\u4e00\u8a5e\u4ee5\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a9e\u5f59\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u8a9e\u5c31\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5531\u50b3\u8aa6\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u53e3\u8ff0\u50b3\u8aaa\u3002\u7269\u8a9e\u9084\u542b\u6709\u300c\u96dc\u8ac7\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6558\u8aaa\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6563\u6587\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300c\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u4e4b\u300c\u60b2\u5287\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u96d6\u6709\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u300a\u7af9\u53d6\u7269\u8a9e\u300b(\u7d04\u516c\u514310\u4e16\u7d00\u521d)\uff0c\u4e2d\u7d93\u300a\u4f0a\u52e2\u7269\u8a9e\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5927\u548c\u7269\u8a9e\u300b\uff0c\u5230\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\u7684\u300a\u6e90\u5f0f\u7269\u8a9e\u300b(\u516c\u514311\u4e16\u7d00)\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u942e\u5009\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u300a\u5e73\u5bb6\u7269\u8a9e\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u7a2e\u60b2\u5287\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u60b2\u5287\u5e95\u97fb\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u5730\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u7269\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e3b\u7dda\u3002\u4f9d18\u4e16\u7d00\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u5b78\u5927\u5e2b\u672c\u5c45\u5ba3\u9577(1730-1801)\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u300c\u7269\u54c0\u300d\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5fb5 \u3002\u7269\u54c0\u662f\u6307\u4f5c\u8005\u5167\u5fc3\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u666f\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u4ea4\u611f\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u900f\u904e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u601d\u7dad\u8207\u5be9\u7f8e\u610f\u8b58\u7372\u5f97\u8868\u9054\u3002\u7269\u54c0\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u60b2\u54c0\u6216\u54c0\u50b7\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u85cf\u800c\u5167\u6582\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u8c50\u5bcc\u800c\u591a\u60c5\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u9ad8\u6587\u6f22\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u300e\u7269\u54c0\u300f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u662f\u9760\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u9760\u5fc3\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u7522\u751f\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u5316\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u8d8a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7d14\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u300d \u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u7269\u54c0\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u60b2\u7f8e\u610f\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u7a2e\u60b2\u5929\u61ab\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u6211\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u611f\u6027\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5316\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u9ad4\u88c1\uff0c\u5f9e\u5f62\u4e0a\u610f\u7fa9\u8a00\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u547d\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u54c0\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u75c5\u4f38\u541f\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u6feb\u60c5\u4f5c\u614b\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u89f8\u666f\u751f\u60c5\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u800c\u6df1\u96b1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u5433\u821c\u7acb\u5c07\u7269\u54c0\u89c0\u5ff5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u7269\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4e4b\u9593\u540c\u5f62\u611f\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f8e\u5b78\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5be9\u7f8e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7a4d\u6fb1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6839\u57fa\u9084\u61c9\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u539f\u59cb\u601d\u7dad\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5ba2\u9ad4\u7684\u76f8\u901a\u8207\u4e92\u6ef2\u3002\u89f8\u666f\u65e2\u662f\u7779\u7269\u8208\u60c5\u5f8c\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c0\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u89c0\u548c\u5be9\u7f8e\u89c0\u3002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(\u56db) \u300a\u53e4\u90fd\u300b\u9019\u90e8\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u8abf\u662f\u865b\u7121\u548c\u5e7d\u7384\u3002\u5ddd\u7aef\u5eb7\u6210\u628a\u9019\u5c0d\u5b7f\u751f\u59ca\u59b9\u8941\u8913\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u5f8c\u7684\u91cd\u805a\u52a0\u4ee5\u60c5\u611f\u5316\u7684\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u59cb\u7d42\u9677\u5728\u7e39\u7df2\u3001\u7e8f\u7dbf\u7684\u611f\u50b7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5343\u91cd\u5b50\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u524d\u9014\u6beb\u7121\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u990a\u6bcd\u5411\u5979\u63d0\u8d77\u5a5a\u4e8b\uff0c\u5979\u300c\u9762\u5e36\u6101\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e45\u4e0d\u8a00\u8072\u300d\u3002\u59d0\u59b9\u7684\u5718\u805a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6c96\u6de1\u5979\u5fc3\u982d\u7684\u5bc2\u5be5\u548c\u60b2\u6101\uff0c\u537b\u7d66\u5979\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u300c\u65b0\u7684\u54c0\u50b7\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u82d7\u5b50\u7e3d\u662f\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5e7b\u6ec5\u300d\u611f\u6240\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\u59d0\u59b9\u4e5f\u88ab\u5979\u770b\u6210\u300c\u5e7b\u5f71\u300d\u3002\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u601d\u7dd2\u7684\u63cf\u5beb\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e16\u4e8b\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u7e39\u7df2\u7121\u8de1\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u51fa\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u865b\u7121\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u9839\u5ee2\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\n\n\n\n
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